The role of marketing communication to increase brand loyalty; in Research Proposal

The role of marketing communication to increase brand loyalty; in context of Waitrose - Research Proposal Example Previously, there have been quite a large number of studies that has focused on topics related to this. This study will be particularly interesting as this is a case specific study on Waitrose, the food retail division of Britain’s largest employee-owned retailer, the John Lewis Partnership supermarkets. This research intends to find out the impact of marketing communication on the loyalty of existing customers of the organization. This study can help the organization to bring necessary changes in the marketing communication techniques that are currently used by it and help to improve its brand equity. Several studies have been conducted in the field of marketing communication to understand its impact on the brand equity and brand loyalty of customers. In the study conducted by Ramos and Franco (2005), they had studied the impact of marketing communication and price promotion on brand equity. The results from their study indicate a positive relationship between the marketing communication and brand equity and offer strong support for the measures of perceived quality and brand loyalty. In fact, it was observed that there are several precursors to brand equity, namely brand awareness, brand image and brand awareness (Ramos and Franco, 2005). Customer brand loyalty is a topic that has been widely researched by various scholars. The commonality of all these studies have indicated that all firms can improve their profit margins by creating a base of loyal customers, which also have the additional benefit of creating a word-of-mouth advertisement for firms, thereby indirectly improving the marketing communication. The proponents of this study includes scholars like, Liu(2007), Gustaffson, et al. (2005), Oliver (1999), Wood (2004), to name a few (Keller, 1993). The research conducted by MC Alexander, et al. (2002) had revealed that brand loyalty can be enhanced in relational marketing by brand

Description of Composition Essay Example for Free

Description of Composition Essay I have many wonderful moment in my life, in my home country with my family and my friends. we lived in a beautiful areaand Were pleased with our neighbors. during Have the holidays left all the campaign. However, I remember a good experience that i still can not forget. During this spring break I made a visit to my cousin Matthew who live in Dallas, tough spending years without seeing I was very pleased to be able to spend this time with him. Dallas is a great city and wonderful buildings are very large in the city center. During my stay Mathieu showed me around the zoo of the city of dallas a place where we encounter several species of animals that are found throughout the world, among other gorillas, snakes, parrots. That day was the first time in my life I saw a gorilla who was nearly two meters long, this animal was really impressive both for its size and its weight. At the end of the visit to the zoo I wanted to eat some things. We went to Matthew and me in a fancy restaurant in the city. This restaurant is located near the city center in a large building with a beautiful cadre. ur map for this restaurant we could see dishes from different origins Africa, Europe and America. We took each European dishes and we talked about our childhood. When we finished eating we took several photographs in the restaurant throughout the city of Dallas to keep in memory of this moment of reunion between my cousin and me. I really enjoyed the spring break this year because i had a lot of fun. i there fore look foward to the summer break and i hope i twill be even more beautiful than i will to live.

The Character of Mama in Alice Walker’s Everyday Use Essay -- essays r

â€Å"I am a large, big boned woman with rough, man-working hands† Mama describes of herself in the short story Everyday Use by Alice Walker. Mama, who additionally takes the role of narrator, is a lady who comes from a wealth of heritage and tough roots. She is never vain, never boastful and most certainly never selfish. She speaks only of her two daughters who she cares deeply for. She analyzes the way she has raised them and how much she has cared too much or too little for them, yet most of all how much they value their family. Mama never speaks of herself, other than one paragraph where she describes what she does. â€Å"My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing† (Walker, 60). She does not need to tell readers who she is, for her descriptions of what she does and how her family interacts, denotes all the reader needs to know. Although Mama narrates this story rather bleakly, she gives readers a sense of l ove and sense of her inner strength to continue heritage through â€Å"Everyday Use†. Regretfully, though readers can see how Mama has had a difficult time in being a single mother and raising two daughters, Dee, the oldest daughter, refuses to acknowledge this. For she instead hold the misconception that heritage is simply material or rather artificial and does not lie in ones heart. However, from Mama’s narrations, readers are aware that this cultural tradition does lie within ones heart, especially those of Mama’s and Maggie’s, and that it is the pure foundation over any external definition. One situation in particular that Mama brings up is the time when she offers to Dee to bring some of the ancestral quilts with her to college. She claims, â€Å"I had offered Dee a quilt whe... ...rn fifty and more years ago. Bits and pieces of Grandpa Jarrell's Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece . . . that was from Great Grandpa Ezra's uniform that he wore in the Civil War" (Walker, 65). These quilts, which have become an heirloom, not only represent the family, but are an integral part of the family. A concept in which Dee, could just not possibly understand. Mama then grasps the quilts out of Dee’s clutch and places them on Maggie’s lap, for Maggie knows that the quilts are personal and emotional rather than by any means financial (p.66). These quilts are for â€Å"Everyday Use.† In this last scene, Mama proves to herself that you do not need an education, or generation knowledge to be able to posses strength. For Mama had inner strength all along, she just needed her true rich and beautiful beliefs of her heritage to shine through, and they did. The Character of Mama in Alice Walker’s Everyday Use Essay -- essays r â€Å"I am a large, big boned woman with rough, man-working hands† Mama describes of herself in the short story Everyday Use by Alice Walker. Mama, who additionally takes the role of narrator, is a lady who comes from a wealth of heritage and tough roots. She is never vain, never boastful and most certainly never selfish. She speaks only of her two daughters who she cares deeply for. She analyzes the way she has raised them and how much she has cared too much or too little for them, yet most of all how much they value their family. Mama never speaks of herself, other than one paragraph where she describes what she does. â€Å"My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing† (Walker, 60). She does not need to tell readers who she is, for her descriptions of what she does and how her family interacts, denotes all the reader needs to know. Although Mama narrates this story rather bleakly, she gives readers a sense of l ove and sense of her inner strength to continue heritage through â€Å"Everyday Use†. Regretfully, though readers can see how Mama has had a difficult time in being a single mother and raising two daughters, Dee, the oldest daughter, refuses to acknowledge this. For she instead hold the misconception that heritage is simply material or rather artificial and does not lie in ones heart. However, from Mama’s narrations, readers are aware that this cultural tradition does lie within ones heart, especially those of Mama’s and Maggie’s, and that it is the pure foundation over any external definition. One situation in particular that Mama brings up is the time when she offers to Dee to bring some of the ancestral quilts with her to college. She claims, â€Å"I had offered Dee a quilt whe... ...rn fifty and more years ago. Bits and pieces of Grandpa Jarrell's Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece . . . that was from Great Grandpa Ezra's uniform that he wore in the Civil War" (Walker, 65). These quilts, which have become an heirloom, not only represent the family, but are an integral part of the family. A concept in which Dee, could just not possibly understand. Mama then grasps the quilts out of Dee’s clutch and places them on Maggie’s lap, for Maggie knows that the quilts are personal and emotional rather than by any means financial (p.66). These quilts are for â€Å"Everyday Use.† In this last scene, Mama proves to herself that you do not need an education, or generation knowledge to be able to posses strength. For Mama had inner strength all along, she just needed her true rich and beautiful beliefs of her heritage to shine through, and they did.

Description Essay

During my time as a child, I remember visiting so many places with my family throughout Southern California. One of the best memories was when I visited Lake Arrowhead. Located in the beautiful mountains of San Bernardino, Lake Arrowhead is a tiny city where every family would enjoy living in. Not only is Lake Arrowhead Village a great place to live but great place to enjoy nature’s beauty at any time of the day. I remember Lake Arrowhead for its beautiful scenery, it is family-oriented, and it has many outdoor activities. While visiting Lake Arrowhead in the winter time, I fell head over heels with the beautiful scenery that nature brought upon my eyes. As I arrived to the house in the evening, I looked up and I was able to see the stars that lit up the sky above me. As I walk down to the lake, I was able to hear the crickets’ chirping and the owls hooting as they hear the crackling of the snow that I’m stepping upon. As I look through the horizon of the snow, I saw the never ending slope falling towards the lake that apparently was frozen. As I sat on one of the unfrozen steps, I looked up once again, and I see the beautiful full moon sitting on a cloud. The stars shined even brighter when the moon glistened its light down to Earth. The lake looked really calm and I only saw a couple of ripples being caused by a female duck and her ducklings swimming in the middle of the lake. In the morning when I looked outside the window, the sun shined beautifully through the icicles that dangled down the side of the house. When I drove down to the city, you can see the cities that are at sea level. As I continued looking down, I see the clouds climbing up the mountains. And as I reach out of the car’s window, I can feel the refreshing mist that touches my fingertips. The scenery of the cities down below can’t no longer be seen because of the clouds the cover the scene like a blanket that stretches miles away across the sky. While walking through the forest, the leaves kept falling one by one. As the night approaches once again, the sunset looks like if someone painted it precisely to appear like an orange-ish and purple like sky as it gets darker every second it passes. Besides having beautiful scenery, Lake Arrowhead is family-oriented. While spending the weekend in Lake Arrowhead, I got to spend plenty of time with my family. In The Lake Arrowhead Village my family and I got to eat in a Mexican oriented restaurant called â€Å"Papagayos†. While eating in Papagayos, I got to talk with my family about many situations that we never had spoken about. For instance, I talked about what I thought I should do as my career. My family supported my decision and is helping me get to it. We also got a chance to explore their outdoor mall. There are many events in The Lake Arrowhead Village that are family oriented, such as family talent shows. Every Saturday, there is a competion for almost everything. There are times where they open up a fair close to the village for the weekend. Me and my brothers got to play many of the games and won many prizes. In Lake Arrowhead, there are many fun activities all over for families to enjoy their time no matter in what season we are in. Besides having a beautiful scenery and being family-oriented, Lake Arrowhead has many types of outdoor activities throughout the entire year. During spring time, you can jog for miles while enjoying the warm sun rays hitting your back. You can also hike between make of the resorts that provide mountains that are safe to climb. During the summer time, you can enjoy your time playing many sports such as volleyball. You can also spend your time on  your private boat and swim in the lake whenever there are heatwaves. Many people get their tan whenever the sun is really bright. In fall,

Pancit ng taga Malabon Online Ordering, Sales and Inventory Management System Essay

I. Company Background Pancit ng Taga Malabon is a family-owned fast food chain managed by the nine grandchildren of Emilia Buntan. Presently, it operates 34 branches nationwide. . The company duly registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 30, 1988 with registration number 151743. The main branch of Pancit ng taga Malabon is located in Shopwise Araneta Center Cubao, Quezon City. It was conceptualized seeing that people have grown to love the so-called â€Å"pancit bame† now commonly known as pancit malabon. The â€Å"NG TAGA† at the middle of its name signifies that we offer fresh, clean, safe and affordable food. Filipinos being influenced by Chinese tradition have made it a part of their tradition to eat long noodles during celebration symbolizing long life and good fortune. Nowadays, pancit malabon is not only a food during gathering but part of merienda choices. Filipinos being close knit, loved to eat with families and most of them love to take home different food for the family to share with. With the changing lifestyle of the new era, where people are so busy and wanted to eat fast yet convenient, we have reinvented ourselves and came up with a new concept. Thus, we opened kiosks and stalls where we offer not only our pancit malabon but also other products fast, easy yet affordable. It was established since 1965 as a renowned Filipino fast food chain serving food with their unique and exceptional taste of their delicious pancit and other related products.Their pride lies predominantly on the most celebrated and lavish Pancit Malabon in Bilao. Today, the company is not only selling pancit but they also offer an array of sumptuous food packages like the Fiesta Meals and Binalot Festival. They also expand their branches in order to fully systematize and established a stronger footing. II. Problem Definition Now a days, computerized system is most commonly used in business and apparently it has a big contribution in our society. In order to know the  problems encountered by the staff, we conducted an interview and the following problems they present are: lack of technology in processing their usual transactions, no back-up of records, manual recordings of their inventory, tracking of records is time consuming; in addition to, slow processing of transaction due to manual processing that affects the customer service they are offering and errors in making an inventory report. . III. Solution to the Problem Upon analyzing the problem we’ve been gathered, the proponents came up with a solution to the problem of the company which is thru the use of computerized system that will help the company to eliminate slow processing of orders and automatically generate receipts and reports needed by the management. It will also maximize their time and avoid loss of data. The system will also promote backup and recovery of files for business information security purposes. The system will serve as the permanent storage of data of the supplies in the inventory for it will monitor the critical level of each supply and also the quantity of supplies used in each product that have been produced.

The Rivals Nicholas and Absalon Essays

The Rivals Nicholas and Absalon Essays The Rivals Nicholas and Absalon Essay The Rivals Nicholas and Absalon Essay With reference to lines 91-112 and 163-290, how are the rivals Nicholas and Absalon presented to us by Chaucer in this section? Focus on Chaucers use of language and detail to present this contrast? Nicholas and Absalon become rivals in the Millers parody of the Knights tale, fighting for the love of the wife of the carpenter, Alison. The contrast between Absalons vivacious character and appearance with Nicholas cunning and quick- wittedness create two opposing characters to represent the aspects of courtly love, yet adapt it to create a comical parody.Chaucer makes clever use of language and diction through the presentation of his characters actions and behaviour. He also uses the aid of his own opinion of his characters laid subtlety behind the Millers views of the two rivals in his tale. The initial detail the reader receives about Absalon is his appearance, whereas in Nicholas case it is the details of his room portraying his lifestyle, which revolves around the seduction of women.The only information we are given about Nicholas appearance is lyk a maiden meek for to see suggesting his girlish attractive looks, freshness and youth. In contrast, Absalons looks and clothes are described in great detail to portray his vanity and flamboyancy. His Poules window corven on his shoes draws focus to the intricate details of his appearance so that the reader is required to take into account Absalons intense care for his looks.His curly blonde hair is fashioned into an extravagant fan shape; strouted as a fanne large and brode that displays his desire to keep up with the fashion, and the blonde curls create a sense of childlike innocence. His clothing also supports his flamboyancy, Ycald he was ful smal and proprely with red stocking, a blue tunic which was lavishly fastened. His behaviour is presented as jolif was and gay. He sings with a high-pitched voice in a quinible, which is usually associated with female voices expressing his femininity.Much of his behaviour is suggested to be feminine in his vanity and his actions. His squeamishness of rude language and body gases, squeamous of farting and of speche daungerous portrays his dainty and fastidious attitude. Absalon is presented as a child-like character, and is patronised by the Miller. This is suggested through his high-spirited attitude as he dances to his rubible as well as his merry appearance. His fiddle contrasts to Nicholas elegant harp, which he plays to women to seduce them.Nicholas character is first presented through his bedroom, which has one particular purpose. His objects that are displayed within it build up and introduce the character of Nicholas through his interests and learned skills. His collection of specialist books and astrelabie equipment suggest his intelligence and scholarly abilities. His elegant harp contrasts with Absalons low-grade inferior fiddle. Nicholas skills from university education also contrast with Absalons practical skills in operations, legal conveyances and cutting hair as a barber.

Pirate Ships - History and Culture

Pirate Ships - History and Culture During the so-called Golden Age of piracy (roughly 1700-1725), thousands of pirates terrorized shipping lanes all over the world, particularly in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. These ruthless men (and women) needed good ships to be able to run down their prey and escape from pirate hunters and navy vessels. Where did they get their ships, and what made for a good pirate craft? What Was a Pirate Ship? In one sense, there was no such thing as a â€Å"pirate† ship. There was no shipyard where pirates could go and commission and pay for a pirate ship to their specifications. A pirate ship is defined as any vessel whose sailors and crew are engaged in piracy. Thus, anything from a raft or canoe to a massive frigate or man of war could be considered a pirate vessel. Pirates could and did use very small boats, even canoes  when nothing else was at hand. Where Did Pirates Get Their Ships? Since no one was making ships exclusively for piracy, pirates had to somehow capture existing ships. Some pirates were crewmen on board naval or merchant vessels who took over by mutiny: George Lowther and Henry Avery were two well-known pirate captains who did so. Most pirates simply traded ships when they captured one that was more seaworthy than the one they had been using. Sometimes brave pirates could steal ships: Calico Jack Rackham was cornered by Spanish gunships one night when he and his men rowed over to a sloop the Spanish had captured. In the morning, he sailed away in the sloop while the Spanish warships shot up his old ship, still anchored in the harbor. What Would Pirates Do With a New Ship? When pirates got a new ship, by stealing one or by swapping their existing ship out for a better one belonging to their victims, they usually made some changes. They would mount as many cannons on the new ship as they could without significantly slowing her down. Six cannons or so was the minimum that pirates liked to have on board. The pirates usually changed the rigging or ship’s structure so that the ship would sail faster. Cargo spaces were converted into living or sleeping quarters, as pirate ships usually had more men (and less cargo) onboard than merchants vessels. What Did Pirates Look for in a Ship? A good pirate ship needed three things: it needed to be seaworthy, fast, and well-armed. Seaworthy ships were especially necessary for the Caribbean, where devastating hurricanes are a yearly occurrence. Since the best ports and harbors were usually off-limits to pirates, they often had to ride out storms at sea. Speed was very important: if they could not run down their prey, they would never capture anything. It was also necessary to outrun pirate hunters and navy ships. They needed to be well-armed in order to win fights. Blackbeard, Sam Bellamy, and Black Bart Roberts had massive gunboats and were very successful. Smaller sloops had advantages as well, however. They were quick and could enter shallow inlets to hide from searchers and evade pursuit. It was also necessary to careen ships from time to time. This is when the ships were intentionally beached so that the pirates could clean the hulls. This was easy to do with smaller ships but a real chore with larger ones. Famous Pirate Ships Model Of Queen Anns Revenge Blackbeard The Pirates Flagship On Display At The Maritime Research. John Pineda  /Getty Images 1. Blackbeards Queen Annes Revenge In November of 1717, Blackbeard captured La Concorde, a massive French slaving ship. He renamed her Queen Annes Revenge and refitted her, mounting 40 cannons on board. The Queen Annes Revenge was one of the most powerful ships around at the time and could go toe-to-toe with any British warship. The ship ran aground (some say Blackbeard did it intentionally) in 1718 and sank. Researchers believe they have found it in the waters off of North Carolina. Some items, such as an anchor, bell, and spoon have been found and are displayed in museums. Captain Bartholomew Roberts, engraving. Culture Club/Getty Images 2.  Bartholomew Roberts Royal Fortune Most of Roberts flagships were named Royal Fortune, so sometimes the historical record gets a little confusing. The largest was a former French man of war that the pirate had refitted with 40 cannons and manned by 157 men. Roberts was aboard this ship during his fateful final battle in February of 1722 3.  Sam Bellamys Whydah The Whydah was a massive merchant ship captured by Bellamy on her maiden voyage in 1717. The pirate modified her, mounting 26 cannons on board. She was shipwrecked off of Cape Cod not long after she was taken, however, so Bellamy did not do much damage with his new ship. The wreck has been found, and researchers have found some very interesting items which have allowed them to learn more about pirate history and culture. Sources Cawthorne, Nigel. A History of Pirates: Blood and Thunder on the High Seas. Edison: Chartwell Books, 2005. Cordingly, David. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 1996 Defoe, Daniel (Captain Charles Johnson). A General History of the Pyrates. Edited by Manuel Schonhorn. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1972/1999. Konstam, Angus. The Pirate Ship 1660-1730. New Vanguard, First Edition edition, Osprey Publishing, June 20, 2003. Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Guilford: the Lyons Press, 2009 Woodard, Colin. The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down. Mariner Books, 2008.

The Historical Importance of Orville Wright

The Historical Importance of Orville Wright Why Is Orville Wright Important?: Orville Wright was one-half of the aviation pioneers known as the Wright Brothers. Together with his brother Wilbur Wright, Orville Wright made history with the first-ever heavier than air, manned, powered flight in 1903. Orville Wright: Childhood Orville Wright was born on August 19, 1871, in Dayton, Ohio. He was the fourth child of Bishop Milton Wright and Susan Wright. Bishop Wright was in the habit of bringing small toys home to his children after traveling on church business and it was one of these toys that Orville Wright attributed for his early interest in flight. It was the miniature Penaud helicopter that Milton Wright brought home in 1878, a popular mechanical toy. In 1881, the Wright family moved to Richmond, Indiana, where Orville Wright took up kite building. In 1887, Orville Wright started at Dayton Central High School, however, he never graduated. Interest in Printing Orville Wright loved the newspaper business. He published his first newspaper together with his friend Ed Sines, for their eighth-grade class. By sixteen, Orville worked summers in a print shop, where he designed and built his own press. On March 1, 1889, Orville Wright began publishing the short-lived West Side News, a weekly newspaper for West Dayton. Wilbur Wright was the editor and Orville was the printer and publisher. The Bicycle Shop In 1892, the bicycle had become very popular in America. The Wright Brothers were both excellent bicyclists and bicycle mechanics and they decided to start a bicycle business. They sold, repaired, designed, and manufacture of their own line of hand-built, made-to-order bicycles, first the Van Cleve and the Wright Special, and later the less expensive St Clair. The Wright Brothers kept their bicycle shop until 1907, and it was successful enough to fund their flight research. The Study of Flight In 1896, German flight pioneer, Otto Lilienthal died while testing his latest single-surface glider. After reading extensively and studying bird flight and Lilienthals work, the Wright brothers were convinced that human flight was possible and decided to conduct some experiments of their own. Orville Wright and his brother began experimenting with wing designs for an airplane, a biplane that could be guided by warping the wings. This experiment encourages the Wright brothers to proceed with constructing a flying machine with a pilot. Airbourne: December 17, 1903 On this day Wilbur and Orville Wright made the first free, controlled, and sustained flights in a power-driven, heavier-than-air machine. The first flight was piloted by Orville Wright at 10:35 A.M., the plane stayed twelve seconds in the air and flew 120 feet. Wilbur Wright piloted the longest flight that day in the fourth test, fifty-nine seconds in the air and 852 feet. After Wilbur Wrights Death in 1912 Following Wilburs death in 1912, Orville carried their legacy alone towards an exciting future. However, the hot new arena of aviation business proved volatile, and Orville sold the Wright company in 1916. He built himself an aeronautics laboratory and returned to what had made he and his brother so famous: inventing. He also stayed active in the public eye, promoting aeronautics, inventing, and the historic first flight that he made. On April 8, 1930, Orville Wright received the first Daniel Guggenheim Medal, awarded for his great achievements in aeronautics. The Birth of NASA Orville Wright was one of the founding members of NACA aka National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Orville Wright served on NACA for 28 years. NASA aka National Aeronautics and Space Agency was created from the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in 1958. Orville Wrights Death On January 30, 1948, Orville Wright died in Dayton, Ohio, at the age of 76. The home Orville Wright lived in from 1914 until his death, he and Wilbur planned the design of the house together, but Wilbur passed away before its completion.

Effective Business Communication Research Paper

Effective Business Communication - Research Paper Example The paper, therefore, performs a literature review on the theoretical development of business communication and some of the barriers that have been identified to impair the delivery of effective business communication. Lastly, the paper includes some of the channels that can be used to deliver business information in the workplace and their effectiveness. In order to articulate the process of communication, the researchers performed primary research using the qualitative and quantitative methods of interview and questionnaires in order to determine the problems facing various organizations in the UAE regarding effective communication. ... The listener must work to make the speaker feel understood and create an environment in which the speaker will be free to express his views and put his message across in the most appropriate ways possible. Another requirement for effective communication is that both the speaker and the listener understand the importance and sue of non verbal communication skills. The speaker must be able to uses these cues to reinforce the message he intends to say, and the listener must be able to observe the cues and interpret them as effectively as possible. 1.2. Background of Study The process of communication is often hampered by barriers to achieving effective communication. As such, organizations are constantly seeking ways that they can reduce and eliminate these barriers in order to achieve highly effective communication process. One way that managers can overcome this problem is to draft and disseminate messages that are clear enough to be understood by those they are intended for. Such mes sages should contain clear information or instructions, and the language used should be simple enough to be understood and free from ambiguity. Workplace grapevine is a common barrier to effective communication as employees engage in informal and unsubstantiated gossip. In order to avoid this problem, managers should pass on relevant information to employees through official means to offer any clarity that may be needed so that they can prevent employees from constant speculation, which leads to the grapevine. 1.3. Objectives of the Study This study shall seek to explain the communication process in a business setting and identify some of the problems that those involved in the communication process incur. The study will then seek solutions to these problems in order to determine the

Sttafing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sttafing - Essay Example Researches should be done on all departments. Senior management should come up with cross-functional teams that are set to improve the performance of an organization. This piece of work is a close look of staffing issues that cause collapse of companies. The case used is Candle Light Inc., a company that trades in telecommunication, manufacturing and supply. The issues that affect companies are resultant of the leadership (i.e. strong or weak). Weaknesses of a company’s leadership can be manifested in the reluctance in implementation of issues that arise within the company. Among the most prevalent issues that affect the staff of a company adversely are such like leadership vision and the vision of the company, team work failure, and lack of reinforcement of skills and knowledge, as well as poor communication. Candle Light Company Inc. is threatened by a leadership that has no vision and has no commitment to the vision of the company. The board of directors is acting against a CEO who addresses the issues that threaten the company. In their lack of vision for the company, they manifest a level of lack of transparency for they retain the vice president of human resource and administration who is less productive. They have failed to adjust their plans with the changing world trends. For example, they continue to retain workers that were trained many decades ago who have not refreshed their training. Refreshing would have made them more conversant with current trends of business within the world. The administration has not done any research that would identify the needs of their customers. The leadership has manifested lack of professionalism. They engaged in property damage when they failed to agree on a labor contract. Team work has failed terribly in the staff of Candle Light Inc. Leaders such as the senior Vice president for human resource administration insists on his stand. He

The improvement of diabetes care concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The improvement of diabetes care concept - Essay Example It is acknowledged that evidence based practice is rational and logical and research keeps moving forward amassing more and more knowledge, opening many possibilities. Such evidence corroborated research should be implemented in the management so that updated knowledge could improve interventions and quality. The care provided must be constantly evaluated and improved based on new and refined knowledge (Burns and Grove, 2003). Evidence based practice also ensures treatment interventions on the basis of reliable research by integrating clinical expertise, patient information and evidence guidance. The nursing profession is accountable to society for providing high quality, cost-effective care for patients (Burns and Grove, 2003). This study will give two Executive summaries of two articles and an in-depth analysis of another similar research based article. With more research coming out in the field, medical practitioners feel that research evidence based practice is more important for a long term disease like diabetes. Research connected practice is of great significance for my practice and I have chosen this module because of its pertinence to my career. There will be connected literature review closely linked with regional and cultural backgrounds, psychological mindsets and disease management. Di Censo et al (1998) explains evidence-based practice (EBP) as 'The process by which nurses make clinical decisions using the best available research with their clinical expertise and patient preferences in the context of available resources'. Research based practice relies on systematic research studies while evidence considers nurse's clinical experience, practice trends and patient preferences (Newell and Burnar d, 2006). EXECUTIVE SUMMERY OF AN INPATIENT DIABETIC CARE PATHWAY: This study depends on the development and testing of a care pathway for diabetes management examining the impact of length of stay, re-admission, CP driven care advantage and improvement parameters. CP was developed in consultation with ward staff mainly to improve nurse knowledge; but for the use of both medical and nursing staff. Requirement of constant support for staff was examined by measuring staff knowledge before and after trial using questionnaire. Patients were randomised for normal and CP care. According to discharge patient notes assessment CP maintained better care while standard of documentation was similar. Baseline demographics like age, diabetes duration, sex, type of diabetes etc. including intervention period, and follow-up of patients being randomised to either normal care or a care pathway (CP), with a knowledge questionnaire, regarding analyser comparisons between staff located and CP groups were all attended to. Frequency of blood glucose monitoring was monitor ed and was found to be more appropriate to CP group as CP was significantly better quality of care with standard documentation, of both CP and non-pathway groups. Result showed improvement in hospital stay and HbA1c control, but not significantly. CP group had higher knowledge in staff and patient both, with reduction in length of hospitalisation and better quality of

Nepenthes Rafflesiana trap structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nepenthes Rafflesiana trap structure - Essay Example Keywords: Nepenthes Rafflesiana, Pitcher trap Nepenthes Rafflesiana of genus Nepenthes which belong to the family of Nepenthaceae are one of the most famous carnivorous plants having pitcher traps (Slack & Gate, 2000). Nepenthes have a total of more than 100 species with the bulk of species populated along the islands of Borneo and Sumatra (Bonhomme et al., 2011). Nepenthes pitcher plants including Nepenthes Rafflesiana have also developed specific adaptations like all other carnivorous plants due to lack of nutrients. This nutrient deficiency is a result of the habitat in which these plants grow and they are mostly dependant on insect derived nitrogen (Gaume, Gorb & Rowe, 2002). As a result Nepenthes have these pitcher traps in order to catch and trap insects and then getting the nourishment by digestion and absorption. The structural architecture of the traps of Nepenthes Rafflesiana varies according to the geometry and surface features (Gaume et al., 2002). The pitcher trap is gen erally composed of three distinct parts (Gaume & Di Giusto, 2009). The three parts named as peristome, waxy zone and digestive zone are all involved in their respective functions of attention, capture and digestion. A lid known as operculum is present above the peristome. The lid prevents the rain water from accumulating inside the pitcher and thus helps to prevent nutrient loss. According to Di Guisto et al. (2010) Nepenthes Rafflesiana show heteroblastic development defined by pitcher dimorphism according to their growth and maturity. Terrestrial pitchers or lower pitchers are linked to the young species whereas the aerial or upper pitchers are associated with the mature and climbing life forms. The two pitchers thus also show different characteristics. While the aerial pitchers are elongated, shaped like a trumpet and greenish yellow in colour the terrestrial pitchers are more winged shaped, globular and reddish green in colour. Aerial pitchers have an approximate length of 3-12 inches while terrestrial pitchers are around 3-10 inches long. The pitcher traps mostly develop during summer. Although most leaves have a trap it is not a necessity that a leave must have a pitcher trap. Often due to lack of light, low humidity or difficulties in cultivation might cause a leaf to not develop a pitcher trap. The initial sign of pitcher formation is a swelling on the tendril of a recently formed leaf. Leading towards maturity this minute swelling becomes filled with air and the first sign of colouring appears on it. A few days after the variegation appears, the lid of the pitcher opens and they become operational. In a week time the walls of the pitcher strengthen and they finally become completely mature. The pitcher trap consists of a mouth and a body. A hard, glistening and rounded collar or rim makes up the mouth of the trap (Bauer and Federle, 2009). This rim is frequently furrowed with very apparent and obvious parallel ribs. Each and every rib ends inside the mouth in a very sharp downward direction. The angles created due to this downward pointing, house single nectar secreting glands between them. The body of these traps also varies from pitcher to pitcher. The body is more or less like a cylinder with a rounded base. The lower half of the body is often more bell shaped than the rest of

GROUP ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GROUP ANALYSIS - Essay Example I loved my group and I think they were very supportive and helpful with me. Of the lessons on developing listening skills, I honestly believe that the talking stick that was provided was very helpful. It enhanced my listening skills to focus primarily on the speaker. At this university, I worked with two groups prior to this group; but I would say that my listening skills were most exemplified with this group. I have acknowledged all the group members’ opinions and I was therefore able to appreciate what I learned from them. Later on, we threw the stick in the middle and we started communicating with each other without its need. We realized that we learned to respect and listen attentively to each other without using the talking stick. With regards to discovering the controversial topic of the second Council session, when I first saw this topic, my initial reaction was that this topic would not be very beneficial for me. I really did not like the topic. I was and I am still co mpletely against the legalization of gay marriages. Through the group’s discussion, new and innovative ideas emerged. The discussion did not persuade me to change my opinion; but some logical arguments were presented about the issue. For example, Coyle Rebecca said to me that the USA is a free land and everybody is given the opportunity and the freedom to do speak and act according to one’s will. Regarding the group presentation and the group meetings during which we prepared the presentation, honestly, it was difficult for me to inter-relate with the group. Only later did I collaborate and actively participate in group activities. I was the opinion specialist. Even in the presentation, I suggested ideas for the group presentation. If I had a chance of doing a project of the same requirements again, I will try my best to contribute more effectively in the group. I realized that only through a collaborative and participative environment, would the group achieve its defi ned goals. We acknowledge that a crucial part of group development is leadership. In our experience, we did not formally assign a group leader. We understood each other; but we agreed to designate Coyle Rebecca as a leader to collect our papers and register a study room for us. But in general, there was no specific leader that directed the group to do something or organize the discussion. In retrospect, I believe we could have done better in preparing for the presentation. If my group focused on how the presentation can be managed, we could have done much better that what we did. Through a consensus, we arranged our meetings very well and agreed that every member was responsible for addressing one question. We appropriately prepared for the presentation by timing ourselves to determine the amount of time needed to respond to the questions. During the presentation, the time was shorter than the 30 minutes minimum stipulated time. Afterwards, I said to them that we should have added m ore ideas for a more effective presentation. One of the students said that at least we are not failing and the remark annoyed me. I hope the professor would discern the individual’s efforts within the group, in addition to grading us as a group. I would say that we were so cohesive and it contributed to facilitation of achieving group goals. We exchange jokes and phone numbers. We encouraged open

Nepenthes Rafflesiana trap structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nepenthes Rafflesiana trap structure - Essay Example Keywords: Nepenthes Rafflesiana, Pitcher trap Nepenthes Rafflesiana of genus Nepenthes which belong to the family of Nepenthaceae are one of the most famous carnivorous plants having pitcher traps (Slack & Gate, 2000). Nepenthes have a total of more than 100 species with the bulk of species populated along the islands of Borneo and Sumatra (Bonhomme et al., 2011). Nepenthes pitcher plants including Nepenthes Rafflesiana have also developed specific adaptations like all other carnivorous plants due to lack of nutrients. This nutrient deficiency is a result of the habitat in which these plants grow and they are mostly dependant on insect derived nitrogen (Gaume, Gorb & Rowe, 2002). As a result Nepenthes have these pitcher traps in order to catch and trap insects and then getting the nourishment by digestion and absorption. The structural architecture of the traps of Nepenthes Rafflesiana varies according to the geometry and surface features (Gaume et al., 2002). The pitcher trap is gen erally composed of three distinct parts (Gaume & Di Giusto, 2009). The three parts named as peristome, waxy zone and digestive zone are all involved in their respective functions of attention, capture and digestion. A lid known as operculum is present above the peristome. The lid prevents the rain water from accumulating inside the pitcher and thus helps to prevent nutrient loss. According to Di Guisto et al. (2010) Nepenthes Rafflesiana show heteroblastic development defined by pitcher dimorphism according to their growth and maturity. Terrestrial pitchers or lower pitchers are linked to the young species whereas the aerial or upper pitchers are associated with the mature and climbing life forms. The two pitchers thus also show different characteristics. While the aerial pitchers are elongated, shaped like a trumpet and greenish yellow in colour the terrestrial pitchers are more winged shaped, globular and reddish green in colour. Aerial pitchers have an approximate length of 3-12 inches while terrestrial pitchers are around 3-10 inches long. The pitcher traps mostly develop during summer. Although most leaves have a trap it is not a necessity that a leave must have a pitcher trap. Often due to lack of light, low humidity or difficulties in cultivation might cause a leaf to not develop a pitcher trap. The initial sign of pitcher formation is a swelling on the tendril of a recently formed leaf. Leading towards maturity this minute swelling becomes filled with air and the first sign of colouring appears on it. A few days after the variegation appears, the lid of the pitcher opens and they become operational. In a week time the walls of the pitcher strengthen and they finally become completely mature. The pitcher trap consists of a mouth and a body. A hard, glistening and rounded collar or rim makes up the mouth of the trap (Bauer and Federle, 2009). This rim is frequently furrowed with very apparent and obvious parallel ribs. Each and every rib ends inside the mouth in a very sharp downward direction. The angles created due to this downward pointing, house single nectar secreting glands between them. The body of these traps also varies from pitcher to pitcher. The body is more or less like a cylinder with a rounded base. The lower half of the body is often more bell shaped than the rest of

Australian ICT Framework and Mobile Device Management Essay

Australian ICT Framework and Mobile Device Management - Essay Example The legal frameworks aid reliability in the procurement processes of service provision in all the different Australian governments, i.e. the federal, state and territorial governments. This also helps in underpinning enterprise architecture in the entire Australian government (Saha, 2009). The current ICT infrastructure in Australia requires improvement to help achieve the creation of a whole-of-government Australian Public Service (APS) ICT career structure, which entails training and development programs for information technology professionals. ICT improvement also helps in developing and maintaining an information technology whole-of-government strategic workforce plan. ICT policies and frameworks help in the effective management of government and private data, and the protection of the government data from unauthorized accesses and misuse (Hart & Diane, 2007). The need for ICT legal framework and policies is to regulate the different types of governments, and create an easier wa y to monitor them. Every Australian is entitled to freedom of information access as per the Freedom of Information Act 1982, which guides the legislative basis of the release of government information. However, some of the information needs privacy and confidentiality, and hence demands protection. This ensures that the unauthorized access of information is reduced, whereby the necessary precautions are applied to strictly allow for classified information access to authorized or accredited personnel only. The main principles of the Australian enterprise ICT framework and policies is the need to know, which is applied to all official information, and the need to protect government information. This ensures the proper information access platforms and protects the divulgement of information within the government or from a foreign government. There is the enhancement of legal proceedings through privileged information access to legal professionals in the justice and legal system of the government (Hart & Diane, 2007). The presence of information technology Acts and policies provides the necessary foundation and benchmarks for the Australian governments to facilitate the smooth functioning of the country’s ICT sector. There are whole-of-government ICT policy frameworks guided by the Financial Management and Accountability Act (FMA) of 1997. The ICT Customization and Bespoke Development policy outlines compliance requirements for FMA Act agencies, and strengthens government arrangements for ICT Customization and Bespoke development. The Australian government has the legal enterprise ICT framework for enhancing and ensuring e-security. There is the core Cyber Security Requirement Policy for ICT driven proposals that requires agencies to access and address cyber security risks, and ensure that all businesses prepared through ICT-based proposals comply with the Australian government’s Cyber Security policies. This is aimed at achieving core cyber security for the smooth running of agencies and the government at large, through a smooth and safe flow and storage of information (Saha, 2009). The ICT Strategic Workforce plan is a core policy that entails the current expertise and capabilities of the APS ICT workforce, and the agency capabilities required in the delivery of government priorities. It guides the shift of ICT short term objectives and factors into medium and long term goals. There is also the Opt-Out policy for the whole-of-government ICT arrangements that has changed the opt-in self approvement by agencies into the

The poem Remember Essay Example for Free

The poem Remember Essay Look again at the poem Remember which is about death and relationships, also look at the poem Remberance which is of similar themes. Look closely at the way the authors have used imagery and structure. Compare and contrast how each feels about death and their relationships. Which poem makes a more powerful appeal to your emotions? Give reasons for your answer. Each of the poems Remember and Remembrance have the similar themes; death and relationships. Remember tell us of a story of a female who is in an impossible relationship that is so bad that she seems to think that her only escape is suicide. She writes to her partner telling him not to grieve for her. The line Better by far you should forget and smile Than that you should remember and be sad. Shows us that she, in a way, doesnt want her partner to be sad. This is kind of hypocritical of this poem. She tells us that she doesnt have another choice to get out of this bad relationship and yet she doesnt want him to suffer. She is obviously a very kind person which makes me feel all the more emotive towards her. Remembrance is telling us a story of a girl who has lost a very dear person to death and we find her pondering suicide herself. This narrator has dug herself a hole in that thinking that she has no point in life anymore without the loved one. She must feel that she cannot go on without said person. Like many people who lose someone dear, she has lost her sense of enthusiasm for life so she, like the narrator in Remember, sees suicide as an escape from a life without a certain person. I can feel her pain, being a person who has lost someone dear to me, I went through a stage of my life where I didnt want to do anything. I didnt even want to go outside. But I am just glad that it did not get to the point where I considered suicide. When writing these poems each woman must have had to dig deep down into their feelings to create such emotive poems. Christina Rossettis father died in 1854, this could have been a very big inspiration for her to bring up so many emotions when writing such a poem. Emily Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Also lost her mother which is a very good source of emotions to write with. Each writer has had some experience with death which might be the reason why the only thing they can see as a solution is death itself. They might choose to follow their parents and die. Christina Rossetti uses images such as the silent land which suggests an empty after life where as Emily Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ uses images such as days of golden dreams which refers to memories that were very dear to her and reminds us that those memories were lost when her loved one died. Each author was very descriptive in their imagery and it was very effective in each poem The layout of Remembrance is much easier to understand than the sonnet structure of the other one. A poem being in stanzas makes it much easier for the reader to read and work out the story behind the poem. I found it much harder to understand Remember as it was in sonnet form (14 lines). A poem being all squashed together makes it had to differentiate one line from the other. My personal preference between these to poems for the one than appeals to me in the emotive way would have to be Remembrance as I can relate to the kind of pain the narrator is going through. The writer has used such emotive language and really made the effort to connect with her own feelings which is a very hard thing to do. And to write them down and make them make sense is a type of magic in itself. A poet is, before anything else, a person who is passionately in love with language. Poetry is language at its most distilled and most powerful and this poet understands that and has somehow tapped into her own language and written her very thoughts down. So on that note I conclude that Remembrance makes the most powerful appeal to my emotions.

Copper: Structure, Functions and Chemistry

Copper: Structure, Functions and Chemistry COPPER (I) Copper has played a significant role in the history of human civilization, he was the first metal produced on a larger scale and used for practical purposes. Copper has been used by humans since ancient times, in the oldest antiquity and almost certainly soon after gold and argint. Archeologists discovered objects of this metal dating from 8700 BC, the occurrence of copper, much tougher and cheaper than gold and argint, expand the uses and the manufacture of weapons and various utensils (especially plows), thus making a significant jump in history: the transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age. Copper is one of the chemical elements of the base, a metal which pure has orange-red color and has a high electrical and thermal conductivity. Distinctive color of the copper, reddish, has made as first people to use him in creating jewelry and tools. Currently it is used to create a variety of products (cables, cooking pots and pans, tubes and pipes, car radiators, etc..), and pigm ent and preservative for paper, paint, textile and wood. Can also be used in various combinations, with zinc produce brass and with tin produces bronze . In the Earths crust, copper reserves are estimated to be about 70 parts per million, which puts them among the top four of the Earth reserves. Copper is found in its natural state, but most are in the mineral reserves, of which the most important are chalcopyrite and bornite. From the point of view of the spread in nature, copper may be found either in the native form (pure or bonded) or be in the form of compounds or minerals. After existing information, the copper was discovered in the year 6000 BC, by a people living in Turkestan or on the southern slope of the Caucasus. From here emerged in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Crete and eventually in Europe. Judging after the old copper objects found, it can be said that this metal has emerged in Egypt 5,000 years BC and then, after a millennium, in the region between the Tigris and Euphrates, where the Sumerian civilization developed. In Egypt, on the pharaoh time Turmes, the copper was exploited in Sinai Peninsula and was known as Komt. Copper ores used by ancient peoples came from Asia Minor and the Cypru. Also, the great philosopher of antiquity, Aristotle (330 BC) wrote that in India there is a kind of copper that can not distinguish gold than by weight (it been easier). The first large deposits of copper ore were discovered about 3000 BC, in the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean.There is evidence that the Greeks and then the Romans extracted copper from Cyprus (since 1500 BC). When the Romans conquered Cyprus, the Romans brought copper almost entirely from Cyprus, so they called him, Cyprium, metal of Cyprus, then shortened to cyprium and later at cuprum. In South America, the findings showed that there were copper objects from 500 BC along the north coast of Peru. A development in copper processing was done when the Inca empire fell, it being conquered by the Spanish in the 1500s. Regarding the United States, the first copper mine is known in Connecticut (Branby) in 1705, followed by Pennsylvania (Lancaster) in 1732. However, production of copper objects was based on copper imported from Chile until 1844, when were discovered large deposits of copper ore, high quality, around Lake Superior. With the development of techniques for processing by the late 1800s, began exploiting the copper ore lower quality in large mines open in the western United States. The biggest piece of elemental copper found in nature weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 in the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan, USA. Copper-containing minerals, such as chalcopyrite, Azurite, malachite, copper is present in the earths crust at a concentration of 50 parts per million, and constituted 0.01% of the. Most of copper removed from the mine is in the form of compounds such as sulfides or sulfates. Today, copper ores (copper sulfides, oxides and carbonates) are found in the USA and Canada, as well as several other places (in more than 50 nations). Should be noted, however, about half of the amount of copper in the world comes dinChile and the United States. New Mexico, Nevada, and Montana are states that give the largest amount of copper (about 98 percent) in the United States. World production of copper is about 12 million tons per year and the reserves are about 300 million tons, and is projected to be only for another 25 years. Strongest copper manufacturers, top two are United States and Chile, followed by Canada, Peru, Australia, Russia, China and Indonesia. About 2 million tons of copper per year are recovered through recycling process. With 2000 years BC, the copper was used only in the manufacture of bronze, and later on making some ornaments and copper combinations of coloring glass in blue (used as a precious stone, rings, brooches and so on). Objects of copper with the greatest seniority were found in areas with historical significance, eg Chaldea, Egypt, Assyria, Phoenicia and America. Thus the oldest objects found in northern Iraq, beads native copper (nuggets), dating from about 9000 BC, and various tools for processing of copper, made in about 5000 BC. In the New World copper objects were used by Native Americans as early as 2000 BC. In China was used to create bells. Later, the copper has been widely used in various alloys as bronze and brass (copper zinc) Èâ„ ¢i copper tin zinc. As bronze, was used to make cutlery, coins, tools, art and various bronze vessels. Copper alloys have been strong enough to be used in guns and cannons, and was known as †gun metal†. Homer wrote of weapons made of copper. Around the year 900 BCE, copper salts have been used for painting had expensive homes, being combined with clay and lime later. The alloy of copper and nickel (cupronickel) was the preferred metal for coins, bronze coins first appeared in Egypt, between 430-322 BC, and is now used this alloy for achieving U.S. coins. Because he was one of the main metals (together of gold and silver ), copper came to the attention of the alchemists, who called Venus, after the planet that regarded represented by copper. It is now widely used like bronze and brass in construction, truss building, roofing, heating and plumbing systems. Also, the copper is used heavily for electrical equipment (60%), almost every electrical device (electric clocks, stoves, portable CD players, and electricity transmission wires) is based on copper, because it has a high electrical conductivity and cheap. It is well known that older telephone lines were made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of thick copper wire packages, computers have copper circuit boards. Some copper alloys are used as pesticide for insects and rodents. Also, Copper alloys are found used in a variety of compounds: battery fluid, in fireproof, fabric paints, food additives for farm animals; fireworks (bright emerald color); The copper alloys underpin the manufacture of ceramics and enamels, photographic film, the different pigments and marine paints, as well as metals conservation, water purification, and wood protection. Using copper compounds, can also be undertaken and semi precious stones, such as turquoise (vary in color from green to blue) and malachite. Physical properties are usually those that can be observed using our senses such as color, luster, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, density, hardness and odor. A disc of copper (99.95% pure) In its solid state, of metal, copper has with a face-centered cubic crystalline structure, and is reddish, this color is the main property after which differs from the other elements. Copper color reflects red and orange light and absorbs other frequencies in the visible spectrum, due to its band structure. The copper crystal (cubic, face-centered) is lacking the presence of polymorphism. Usually, most of the inorganic compounds and organic compounds of copper are blue in color, although some may be green or greenish. Very interesting are his properties,to form compounds by green color (carbonate, chloride, etc.), Black (oxide) or blue (sulfate and hydroxide). One of the disadvantages of copper is the phenomenon of Cocle (greening), which can be often observed on old vessels and coins. Together with osmium (blue) and gold (golden yellow), the copper is one of three elemental metals has natural color other than gray or silver. Pure copper is orange-red and acquires a reddish stain when exposed to air, and will be green later. Cooper has a high melting point (1083 °C), which cause limited use to the pure metal. It can easily combine with other metals: Zn, Sn and Ni, forming alloys: brass, bronze,constantan, with improved properties and low melting points. He has a shine or glow, and his boiling point is 2595 °C. Its density is 8.96 grams per cubic centimeter. Copper is a very soft metal with a hardness of 3 on the Mohs scale (50 scale Vickers), tensile strength stood at 210 MPa, but is quite resistant to breaking, and very ductile (can be drawn into wires) and can be molded at high pressure. Both copper and its alloys have a very high pliability (can be drawn in thin sheets), and are very easy to process. However, the ductility of copper is extremely favorable, thus being able to obtain very thin copper wire, called strands (they used in the past, fuses). It is malleable, ductile, and an extremely good conductor of both heat and electricity. It is softer than zinc and can be polished to a bright finish . Is similar to the thermal conductivity of silver (silver 1 to 0.93), and much higher than other common metals. Precisely because of this property, copper pipe is used to transfer heat. However, the conductivity of copper is decreased when cooper is impure; when cooper contain the impurities of 0.1% of elements such as phosphorus, arsenic, silicon or iron, the conductivity may lower even by 20%. Therefore, electrotechnics uses only pure copper electrolyte. Like all metals, if copper is plated with another metal, begin galvanic corrosion process. Chemical properties Atomic number of copper is 29, and is found in group 11 of the periodic table, together with silver and gold, and has symbol Cu. Relative atomic mass is 63.546. The valence of copper is essentially 1 or 2 (a rare form copper compounds and salts of oxidation state 1, and 2, which are commonly called cuprous or cupric salts), although less may be even 3 . It is found in Group 11, Period 4 of the periodic table. Copper isotope 6429Cu electronic shell electron, 29 protons and 35 neutrons in the nucleus. Thanks to its electronic structure, copper may transfer an electron located on the last layer, forming ion CuI. Who ion combinations are stable. Copper can give, besides the electron located on the last layer, another electron, which is on the penultimate layer, forming ions CuII Copper does not react with water, but reacted slowly with the ambient air, as a result of this reaction, the copper surface to form a green layer of oxidized copper. In contrast to the oxidation of iron in moist air, this oxide layer stops the corrosion; a layer of green verdigris (copper carbonate) can be seen on old copper constructions, such as the Statue of Liberty, the largest copper statue world. Most copper salts are hygroscopic. Copper presents magnetic conductivity. Isotopes Copper has 29 isotopes; two of them, 63Cu and 65Cu are stable, and isotope 63Cu represents 69% of all natural copper. The other isotopes 27 are unstable (radioactive); the most stable of the radioactive is 67 Cu with half-life by 61.83 hours. Seven other isotopes have been characterized; between radioactive isotopes, it remark 63Cu, which emit positive beta radiation, resulting the isotopes of nickel, while the 65Cu isotope, with beta negative radioactive emissions, has results zinc isotopes. It should be noted that although it is a metal, copper is an essential element of life. It is found in all tissues of the body, but most of the copper found in the liver, and small quantities are found in the brain, heart, kidney and muscle. As beneficial effects, copper helps the body to use iron in the blood, reducing free radicals actions on tissues. Consuming foods copper may also prevent certain diseases or disabilities, such as allergies, baldness, AIDS, leukemia, osteoporosis and stomach ulcers. With iron (another metal), the copper assists in the synthesis of red blood cells. But it must be noted that copper does not break down in the environment, so it can be accumulated by plants and animals. This means that where there is copper in large quantities, it can develop only a limited number of plants, which adversely affect the work of agricultural land according to soil acidity and the presence of organic matter. However, manure containing large copper, is still applied on fields farm. Also, copper negatively influence activity of microorganisms and earthworms, which implies a slow decomposition of organic matter. Cupric salts are very powerful poisons for algae and fungi. Therefore, impregnate wood sulphate or copper naphthenate, to avoid the mushrooms and sprinkled vineyards, against blight, with a solution of copper sulphate mixed with lime. Copper has played a significant role in the history of human civilization, it the first metal produced on a larger scale and used for practical purposes. Copper is, after iron, the metal most used. After ones set, we find that the copper is a very common substance that occurs naturally in the environment and people use extensively. Apply in industry and agriculture, which made as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹copper production to increase over the last decades.

interracial marriages Essay -- essays research papers fc

The law forbidding interracial marriage was terminated in 1967, and in the midst of rapid racial change, one fact is unmistakable: A growing number of Americans are showing that we all can get along by forming relationships and families that cross all color lines. In the past couple decades, the number of interracial marriages has increased dramatically. Interracial dating and marrying is described as the dating or marrying of two people of different races, and it is becoming much more common to do so. Thirty years ago, only one in every 100 children born in the United States was of mixed race. Today, the number is one in 19. In some states, such as California and Washington, the number is closer to one in 10 (Melting Pot). Since 1960 the number of mixed race marriages has doubled every decade (Love’s Revolution). Interracial couples only represented a surprising 2% of all couples in 1990, with interracial marriages representing only 4% (YGGDRASIL). In 1998, there were 1,348,000 interracial married couples. Today, 15% of all babies born in the Golden State are of mixed race. Between 1968 and 1989, children born to parents of different races increased from 1% of total births to 3.4%. There has also been an increase in births to Japanese and White parents. There are now 39% more births to Japanese-White parents than births to Japanese-Japanese parents (in the U.S.). Between 1968 and 1989, Chinese-White births more than tripled (from 1,000 to over 3,800). From 1970 to 1991, t...

Case 4 I Want My VOIP!!!! Essay

Less cost Digital telephone uses VOIP based on soft switching technology, which is less xpensive to apply and maintain. 2. Multifunctional In addition to equip with all the regular services offered by traditional telephone, digital telephone can convert phone calls into data, the integration of telephone, TV, and data Is extensive. 3. convenience There is no long distance charges and physical location of equipment doesn’t matter. Calls between multiple phone numbers are free. 4. Huge potential Features in the future are out of the reach of the local telephone, such as videophones, video emails. 1 . Relatively poor voice quality The voice quality of digital telephone is not as good as regular telephone service. 2. Power problem Lose of power means loss of telephone service while regular telephone systems still operate when electricity is out. Though batteries work for temporary backup power, but there is nothing would provide telephone service for extensive blackout periods. In view of Rita’s needs, lower cost. convenience and value, if I were her, I would choose digital telephone. However, before subscrlblng to Time warner, I would make a comparison among the digital telephone companies and decide the proper one, Compared with other companies, Time Warner has such Advantages Better service Relatively expensive Therefore, in view of RltaS needs, If I were her, I wont subscribe with Time Warner. #2. Write the first part of a marketing strategy statement for the Time Warner digital telephone offer ? Include the target market and planned product positioning. customer value and achieve profitable customer relationships. This process involves market segmentation, market targeting, differentiation, and positioning. Target market: A set of buyers sharing common needs or characteristics that the company ecides to serve. Positioning: Arranging for a product to occupy a clear, distinctive, and desirable place relative to competing products in the minds of target consumers. marketing strategy statement Target Market People like Rita who want lower costs, convenience and value, such as: People who want to lower their phone call costs, People who are fancy with multiple functions; People who usually make long distance calls, such as businessmen , or families with members far away from home Planned product positioning Low cost, convenient, multifunctional, promising communication product 3. In what stage of the product life cycle is Internet telephony? Does the answer to this question vary across companies such as Vontage, Comcast, Time Warner, and Cox? Product life cycle (PLC): The course ofa product’s sales and profits over its lifetime. It involves five distinct stages: product development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. 1 . Product development begins when the company finds and develops a new-product idea. During product development, sales are zero, and the company’s investment costs mount. 2. Introduction is a period of slow sales growth as he product is introduced in the market. Profits are nonexistent in this stage because of the heavy expenses of product introduction. 3. Growth is a period of rapid market acceptance and increasing profits. 4. Maturity is a period of slowdown in sales growth because the product has achieved acceptance by most potential buyers. Profits level off or decline because of increased marketing outlays to defend the product against competition. 5. Decline is the period when sales fall off and profits drop. 1) According to the definition and characteristics above, we can tell that Internet elephony is in the introduction stage. Although analysts expect 16 million subscribers to buy cable telephone services within 5 years. More than 20 companies have entered the market so far. Cable operators have been so slow to introduce the services and the growth of subscribers is even beginning to decline. Most of them still provide basic products. Nowadays they are taking great effort to advertise the product and to attract the customers. But the sales and profits are not so impressing. They all match the characteristics of Introduction stage. 2) The answer varies across ifferent companies. Comcast and Vontage have Just entered introduction stage because they started slower and now moving much more slowly than the other companies. Cox Communications and Time Warner is entering growth stage. Their cost per customer is cutting down and profit is rising. the advantages to both the consumer and the company? 1) Bundling of services work so well for the cable companies is because it meet consumer’s needs perfectly. For one thing, it is cheaper than the telephone company’s service. For another, consumers prefer one company one bill which is more convenient.

Human Behaviour In Organization Essay

We need to study human behavior even as we participate in the day-to-day processes and activities of human life. The need to understand the behavior of others especially those we come in contact with, and the need to anticipate and predict how others may act in certain situations are important since we are affected by their actions. We study human behavior in order to have an understanding of the actions of people. Its professional analysis could very well help an organization achieve its goals and pave the way for more productive relationships among individuals in groups and among groups in the organization. Hellrieger and Slocum expressed . . . â€Å"events do not occur merely by chance, but rather, that events are linked together.† By understanding and learning to anticipate the behavior of others, we also learn to influence others as shown in Milton’s model of understanding, predicting, and influencing. The understanding of people’s behavior makes the anticipation and prediction of events easier and smoother. We can thus influence them to think, feel, and act accordingly. The study of human behavior is certainly indispensable in the formulation of laws, rules, policies, etc. Society cannot function at its maximum for the people if its components of the organization in which the individual belongs do not have guidelines that are appropriate and that provide for the satisfaction of his needs and for the attainment of his goals. The realm of science and technology will be useless without the study of human behavior for it is their aim to make man live better and easier. Scientists and technologists wouldn’t know what to invent if they are not familiar with man’s needs. Business, especially marketing, will not thrive without a study of people’s wants and desires. Man would not and cannot buy all the products and services the company offers. Selective buying is a behavior that an organization should be aware of and understand. For a firm, studying behavior can increase its productivity for it provides knowledge and information which can be the bases for improving its performance, for rational decision and policy-making, for better planning and organizing, personnel and human resources recruitment, screening, selection, promotion, and development. It is worthwhile to study human behavior primarily because we are part of the human race, and it is by studying human behavior that we look not only into the personality of others but into our personalities as well. We come to terms with ourselves, understand different aspects of our personality, and find ways to improve ourselves and grow. Through introspection, we create self-awareness, an important ingredient in relating ourselves with others. NATURE AND SCOPE OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR Any act of an individual person which is considered human behavior is a reflection of his thoughts, feelings, emotions, sentiments whether conscious or not. It mirrors his needs, values, motivation, aspirations, conflicts, and state of life. Behavior, therefore, consists of all human activities. Human behavior occurs anywhere and everywhere. It is committed alone, with another person, with a group or an organization. The principles and concepts that underlie behavior are basic. It is their implementation and practice that differ from group to group or from one country to another. Human behavior which is also called human act is different from act of man. When man performs an act with free will, he does a human act. He is responsible for such act which is performed with alternatives to choose from. It is free will from whence responsibility emanates and flows that makes man a human being perform human acts or human behavior. An act of man is performed by one who is forced to do so at the risk of his own life. He does not have any other alternative/s to choose from. He is not given the opportunity to use his free will and thus, he is not responsible for this act. He, therefore, commits an act of man. An example is a man marrying a woman at the point of a gun. Instincts and reflexes are other examples of acts of man. Human behavior can be understood best by developing frameworks from the behavioral sciences which represent a systematic body of knowledge pertaining to why and how people behave as they do. ASSUMPTIONS 1. Every person is significantly different from the moment of conception. From the time an individual is conceived, he undergoes a plethora of changes – physical, mental, social, psychological – as he grows and develops from childhood to adulthood. 2. Every person is a constantly active, goal-seeking organism. Whether consciously or unconsciously, he is goal-oriented. 3. Every person is dynamic. Status quo does not characterize his state since he is barraged by different forces around him. 4. The characteristics of an organization influence the behavior of the entire organization and, to a great extent, the behavior of individuals within it as well. 5. Behavior cannot be predicted with one hundred percent accuracy since it arises from the varying needs and value systems of many different people. 6. There are no simple formulas for working with people. No one best answer. No ideal organization exists, neither an ideal person. CONCEPTS 1. Almost all behavior is learned. This applies to adults and children whose learning can be altered. However, this is not true to a newly born infant and to a fetus in the mother’s womb. The former sucks milk from the mother’s breast through instinct. By and large, learning is the first step in behaving. Whatever is learned can be modified or changed 2. Human being adapt. In accordance with their needs and values, individuals adjust to their environment. When their new learnings are congruent with their value system, they adopt them. What is adopted becomes part of their culture. PRINCIPLES 1. Thorndike’s law of effect states that behavior which is followed by a satisfying state of affairs tends to be repeated but a behavior followed by an unsatisfactory conditions tends to be extinguished. 2. Stimuli are those forces which impact the sensory organs of our five sensory input channels – sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. The impact of stimuli is a function of frequency, recency, and felt intensity. Communication, in all cases, consists of the creation of stimuli. 3. Behavior is caused but its causality is uncertain and usually multiple. It may be classified as having either a rational (cognitive) or an emotional (affective) basis. 4. Classical conditioning is a powerful technique for altering the behavior of others. But man’s freedom of the will makes him responsible for his actions. 5. There are no two individuals who are alike in all dimensions. The differences become more striking as they are compared from the physical to the socio-psychological components. Hence, the great disparity in behavior even between twins, since behavior is a reflection of a person’s physical, mental, psychological characteristics. METHODS OF STUDYING HUMAN BEHAVIOR Human behavior is a phenomenon which was observed, described, and speculated on cursorily sans any formal and written objectives and procedures. The maintenance of good relationships between and among individuals and groups was considered an art which mainly used speculation, informal and irregular observation of people and incidents. Philosophy based on speculation and logic and physiology based on experimental observation were the only two main approaches to the study of human behavior. The study of human behavior as a science began only in the 19th century. It was an offshoot of the studies in various disciplines like psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics. Its foundations are rooted in these sciences. The methods used in the study of human behavior are the same as those in other sciences – experiments, surveys and case method. It makes use of observation, interview, questionnaire, check list, scales psychological tests, and statistics. 1. THREE-LEVEL METHOD. Milton proposed a model of studying human behavior at three levels: individual, group, and organization. It is called the I-G-O Model. This classification is the basis for differentiating the content of the courses in human behavior offered at the three program levels in schools. At the undergraduate level, the individual is the focus of attention; in the masters program, emphasis is placed on the group,; and at the doctoral level, human behavior is studied at the organizational level. 2. INTERDISCIPLINARY MODEL. Human behavior in organization is inter- and multi-disciplinary. At the individual level, psychology provides knowledge of perception, motivation and learning, while physiology and anatomy gives information and principles on the body and how it works. At the group level. Sociology and other disciplines like social work and education have given much contribution. Sociology offers insights into the roles, norms, authority, power, influence and status. Anthropology and other sciences like economics, business, law and medicine have wrought more changes and influences on human behavior at the organizational level. Culture and its artifacts are the main contribution of anthropology in the study of behavior in organization. HUMAN BEHAVIOR INDIVIDUALGROUPORGANIZATION PsychologySociology Anthropology Physiology Social Work Economics, Business Anatomy Education Law, Medicine VARIOUS SCIENCES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR 3. DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL. People grow and move to higher levels of resourcefulness, creativity, competency, and self-realization through proper maintenance, recognition, and development programs. Keith and Davis call this the â€Å"human resources (supportive)approach.† These basic and potent needs are recognized and fulfilled by the organization which considers them as â€Å"the central resource in any organization and any society. To the extent that people are well screened and selected, maintained and supported, recognized and developed, they can bring in and develop the various artifacts of an organization : philosophy (mission, goals, objectives, aims), funds (equity, borrowings, loans), values (needs, responsibilities), facilities (land, building, equipment, supplies), and technology (processes, knowhow). People are the main crux and heart of the organization, the six components are at their beck and call. These six components affect the individual who alters his behavior in a context which he himself has created. 4. SYSTEMS MODEL. A social system is a complex and dynamic set of relation- ships among its actors interacting with one another. An organization is a social system consisting of various parts at its subsystems. The systems theory posits that the organization is an open system with internal and external factors impinging on its subsystems making it very fluid, tenuous, dynamic and complex and these parts are interdependent and interrelated with each other This concept is opposed to the traditional view of a closed system with independent and uninterrelated parts. 5. CONTINGENCY MODEL. The varied factors in each problematic situation may constitute a unique condition. The problem- solver must explicitly consider the specific conditions to which a problem relates instead of simply prescribing a solution which may have worked elsewhere but under different conditions. This means that â€Å"no solution can work under all circumstances.† Every problem must be studied and analyzed in light of complex factors that may br highly interrelated with each other.

Advertisement Effectiveness

Introduction: Advertising is a form of communication used to encourage or persuade an audience to continue or take some new action. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behaviour with respect to a commercial offering, although political & ideological advertising is also common. The purpose of advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful.Advertising messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various traditional media; including mass media such as newspapers; magazines; television commercials, radio advertising, outdoor advertising or direct mail or new media such as blogs, website or text messages. Definition: Advertising is bringing a product(or service) to the attention of potential & current customers. Advertisement is typically done with signs, brochures, commercial, direct mailings or e-mail messages, personal contact etc. The importance of advertising is â€Å"steadily on the increase in mod ern society†.Just as the media of social communication themselves have enormous influence everywhere so advertisement using media as its vehicle, is a pervasive, powerful force shaping attitudes & behaviour in today’s world. The field of advertising is extremely broad & diverse. In general terms, of course an advertisement is simply public notice meant to convey information & invite patronage or some other response. As that suggest, advertising has two main purposes: To inform & To persuade. These purposes are distinguishable-both are very often simultaneously present Objectives of the study: To study the effectiveness of advertisement of mobile phones. * To analyze & compare the consumers attitude towards advertisement regarding mobile phones. * To know the buying behaviour of the consumers with regard to the advertisement. * To show the true values of the advertisement regarding mobile phones. Statement of the problem: The effectiveness of advertisement which plays a crucial role to identify the target customers and the target market segment for every companies & firms. It is worth noted that, the effectiveness of dvertisement should thoroughly scrutinized by every organisation. Thus there are various issues involved in the advertisement & measurement of its effectiveness. The problem here is how many consumers buy mobile phones by seeing advertisements? Is advertisement really motivating the public to buy the product? The study relates with the influence of the advertisement towards them the researcher has the curiosity to know about how advertisement effect through various brands of mobile phones. Scope of the study: Theme is the subject matter of advertisement.An advertisement copy should bridge the gap between the advertisers & readers if it is to be effective. To achieve this the advertisement has to provide the audience the information that is of interest to them. Undertaken to know the effectiveness of advertisement in the minds of consum ers and also to know the factor which attracts more from it. This will help to identify the role of advertisements. The present investigation has been undertaken to know and analyse the factors influencing the mobile phones & the role of media which influences them to prefer a particular product.Methodology: The research is descriptive in nature. Both primary & secondary data have been collected for the study. Primary data were collected through questionnaire schedule from a sample of 25 respondents at the random. The secondary data was collected from magazines, books, websites. Sampling of the study: A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. It refers to the technique or the procedure the researcher would adopt in selecting items for the sample (i:e) the size of the sample.Sample design is determined before data are collected. Simple random sampling method is used for selecting the respondents in order to collect the required data. Sources o f data: Sources of data are mainly classified in two: Primary data & Secondary data. Primary data are those which are collected a fresh and for the first time & thus happen to be original in character. The primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire prepared with respect to the objective of the study.Simply primary data refers to the information got directly from the sampled respondents. Secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone else and which have already been passed through the statistical process. The secondary data are based on the documents available in the form of: Books Journals Published papers Internet Data Analysis and Statistical tools: The data collected were analysed and tabulations were made regarding the responses given by the respondents.No statistical tools were used in this project to measure the effectiveness of advertisements. Limitations of the study: 1) Sample size is small as compare to universe. 2) Respondents are b iased towards their personal preferences and they might have not answered the questions correctly. 3) Due to simple random sampling there may be large deviation from that of universe. Chapter Scheme: Chapter 1: Introduction, objectives, statement of the problem, scope of the study, methodology, limitations of the study.Chapter 2: Contents and review of literature. Chapter 3: Company profile. Chapter 4: Data analysis and Interpretations Chapter 5: Findings, suggestions and conclusions Contents & Review of Literature: Meaning of Advertising: The word advertising is derived from the latin word,†advertero†. â€Å"Ad† meaning towards and â€Å"verto† meaning â€Å"to turn†. Definitions of Advertising: Philip Kolter says â€Å"Advertising is ant paid form of non-personal presentation of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor. † William J.Stanton,†Advertising consists of all the activities in presenting to a group a non-personal, or al or visual, openly sponsored message regarding a product, service or idea. † Features of Advertising: * Advertising is one of the methods of promotion mix. * It is a paid mass communication, not aiming at a specific individual. * It is a form of publicity, i. e dissemination of information regarding a product, service or idea. * It is salesmanship in writing or printed salesmanship. * It is a mass non-personal communication. Functions

Ethical Relativism and its Beliefs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Relativism and its Beliefs - Assignment Example This argument is true because from the past, cultures were isolated and people had little information about other cultural practices. Today, people consider their practices and traditions in their own cultures, which have existed over the years, in determining what is ethical. Even with information technology and the widespread use of the internet, it would be ignorant to think that there is a universal way of determining what is ethical. It is not wise to think that one culture’s way of doing things is the best way of doing things. Cultural diversity still exists around the world. For the instant, after the recent terror attacks in Paris, where the main target was a satirical magazine called Charlie Hebdo, people in France felt that the attack was an attack on freedom of speech. As a result, the magazine published magazines with Prophet Mohamed on the front cover. Many French people supported the magazine and saw this as a way of fighting for their freedom of speech. In this country and the rest of the western countries, the publication of the magazine was ethical. However, this was not the case in the Arab and Muslim countries who considered the action unethical and a mockery to the prophet and to the Muslim religion. This example clearly shows that it is not reasonable to assume that people interpret what is ethical in the same way. The theory of ethical relativism is also valid because it avoids ethnocentrism. This means that the theory does not judge another culture based on another culture instead. Ethnocentrism makes one culture look more superior to the others. It is argued that such thoughts are a form of discrimination just like sexism and racism (Hinman, 2013). Ethnocentric people devalue and look down on other cultures. If religious opinions are brought into this debate, more cultural differences can be identified. There are different religious opinions on what is right and what is wrong.  

Supervisory Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Supervisory Management - Coursework Example But at times when they make decision-making errors and then further they fail to handle the problem. The biggest reason behind their premature attitude is that they do not follow the proper "Decision Analysis Process" or the "Problem Solving Process". That is they firstly fail to recognize the problem, i.e. the manager fails to analyze the problem in detail and then does not allocate number of solution to it. Further, then the manager should decide one solution that perfectly matches and provide the best possible advantage. Further after the decision is made and the course of action is done a proper feedback is necessary to judge its effectiveness and then finally judge the impact of each decision on the problem itself or evaluate the result. Apart from the process the manager himself should have the major characteristics like the overall managerial leadership skills, good relationship with higher level executives and the peers or subordinates, effectiveness in management practices and they solve problems and gain their achievable goals. 2. Discuss the following statement: It's better for a manger to try to carry out a poor decision for the sake of worker confidence. You can't build worker confidence by continually admitting the poor decision you make. The workers or the labor force confidence in the business or in the management is really important because if these workers will be motivated towards their job it would lead to higher productivity and a good repute for an organization. Because when a worker will be given high incentives and his those strategies would be adopted that would increase the workers belief, it would lead to employee loyalty and there would be less chances of switching, low absenteeism, low turnover and would ultimately lead to satisfied and productive workers. While, if the manger is trying to satisfy the workers it could also result in company's low profits and revenue, and the basic motive of the profit organizations is to increase their productive capabilities so they can enjoy higher turnover. But is the manager fails and keeps making such decisions that would be damaging for the organization and would ultimately be a poor decision. Hence, the manager should adopt such strategies and decision that prov e to be benefit for both the organization and the workers so that both could be equally satisfied and best results could be achieved. 3. What are the pros and cons of decisions made by groups such as committees and tasks forces as compared to decisions made by one person Decision making is one of the most critical and tricky work and decisions are made on daily basis both by groups as well as individuals. There are certain advantages in both the two types, but decision made by groups hold more importance because working in group combines strength, skills among all the members and therefore it would lead to a better performance as compared to individual. Because an individual when making a decision would only look at one factor which he would consider right and he alone could not think of all other factors that could result in a specific problem. This states that a group leads to diverse and innovative ideas. Group decisions are also free from biasness because it requires every group member contribution while an individual decision could be affected by personal belonging or

Organization Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Organization Behavior - Essay Example Apparently, this special discipline is said to use scientific methods to unearth the diverse kinds of knowledge that emanates from observing the behavior of individual or groups from within the organization. In essence, people are said to behave differently even in the same situations.1 In light of this, managers with theoretical knowledge about human behavior are usually in a better position to predict the behavior of individuals or groups who are in most cases employees in their organizations (French, 2011, 7). In addition, organization behavior entails the interaction of people in organizations where diverse cultural value and backgrounds are brought together through working effectively and efficiently. Similarly, organization behaviour has both dependent and independent variable that must be used in the boosting the performance of individual and groups in the organization. Dependent variables include productivity, absenteeism and job satisfaction. On the other hand, independent variables include variables at individual levels and those of group behavior. It is worth mentioning that organizational behavior has sub disciplines with diverse perspectives such as psychology, communication, political science, sociology among others that are crucial in the management of organization (French, 2011,